GLP-1
GLP-1
Metabolic & Endocrine
GLP-1 is indexed as endogenous peptide hormone in the PeptideBase article library. It is referenced in “AI Peptide Design: Why Binding Is Not the Same as Biological Effect” and 30 other PeptideBase articles. This page groups the relevant coverage; evidence strength, safety, and clinical relevance depend on the specific claim and source.
Deep Dives on GLP-1
Start here for the plain-English articles connected to this peptide.
Do GLP-1 Drugs Cause Nail Detachment? Why the Fourfold Headline Is Not a Causal Verdict
A 2026 EADV survey found much more onycholysis among GLP-1 users, but the new-onset analysis was null. Here is why the fourfold headline does not establish causation.
Read articleDoes Semaglutide Raise Pancreatic Cancer Risk? What the Nordic Registry Study Can—and Cannot—Rule Out
A Nordic registry study found no increased pancreatic cancer signal among semaglutide initiators with type 2 diabetes, but short follow-up and conference-only reporting limit what it can rule out.
Read articleDoes Semaglutide Protect the Heart Beyond Weight Loss? What the SELECT Mediation Analysis Shows
SELECT showed fewer major cardiovascular events with semaglutide. A 2026 mediation analysis found that measured weight and risk-factor changes explained only part of the result, without proving a direct heart mechanism.
Read articleDid GLP-1 Drugs Reduce Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery? What 279,250 Matched Pairs Actually Show
A nationwide matched study found fewer later opioid prescription records after surgery among adults with type 2 diabetes exposed to GLP-1 drugs, but its administrative proxy and observational design cannot prove reduced consumption, pain, or addiction.
Read articleDid Semaglutide Extend Lifespan? What the Female-Mouse Ageing Study Actually Shows
A 2026 Nature study found longer median lifespan in older female mice given semaglutide, but separate cohorts, reduced food intake and animal-only evidence sharply limit the human claim.
Read articleFDA Warned Four Peptide Sellers at Once: What the September 2026 Letters Actually Say
FDA's four September 2026 peptide seller warning letters show why research-only disclaimers did not outweigh human-drug claims, bacteriostatic water, guides, calculators, and other injection-related sales context.
Read articleDo GLP-1 Drugs Lower Tuberculosis Risk? What the New Observational Study Can—and Cannot—Show
A large matched observational study linked GLP-1 receptor agonist use with lower recorded tuberculosis incidence, but it cannot establish prevention or guide drug choice.
Read articleGLP-1 Drugs and Gastroparesis: What 13 Published Cases Can—and Cannot—Show
A 2026 systematic review found only 12 case reports describing 13 patients. Here is what that GLP-1 gastroparesis evidence signals—and why it cannot establish incidence, causality, or comparative drug risk.
Read articleDo GLP-1 Drugs Increase Bowel Obstruction Risk? What a 298,124-Person Study Found
A nationwide Japanese study found no increased one-year risk of serious bowel obstruction or ileus after GLP-1 receptor-agonist initiation versus SGLT2-inhibitor initiation, but important limits remain.
Read articleGLP-1 Weight Loss and AgRP Neurons: What the New Female-Mouse Study Actually Shows
A 2026 PNAS study found that intact AgRP neuron circuitry was needed for the full weight-lowering response to GLP-1 receptor agonists in female mice. Here is what that causal result means—and what it cannot establish in humans.
Read articleSurvodutide and MASH: How Much Liver Improvement Was Explained by Weight Loss?
A careful evidence-literacy guide to the 2026 survodutide MASH mediation analysis—and why weight-loss-independent does not prove a receptor-specific liver effect.
Read articleTE-8105: What a 38-Person First-in-Human Long-Acting GLP-1 Trial Actually Shows
TE-8105 had an approximately 120-hour half-life in a 38-person open-label Phase 1 study. Here is what that finding—and the early weight and safety observations—can and cannot establish.
Read articleCan Adults Safely Use Grey-Market Semaglutide? What a 20-Person Simulation Actually Shows
What a 20-person simulation reveals about grey market semaglutide safety, self-injection process errors, confidence, product uncertainty, and study limitations.
Read articleGIP Agonism vs Antagonism: Why Opposite Strategies Can Both Reduce Food Intake in Mice
A 2026 mouse study suggests GIPR agonism and antagonism can affect food intake and body weight through distinct brain regions—not interchangeable mechanisms.
Read articleDo GLP-1 Drugs Cause Hair Loss? What the New BMJ Study Actually Shows
A 2026 BMJ target-trial emulation found a low-frequency association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and non-scarring alopecia in adults with type 2 diabetes, but it did not prove causation.
Read articlePeptides for Long COVID: What Is Being Studied—and What Is Only Being Marketed
No peptide is proven to treat Long COVID. Separate controlled trials of tirzepatide and larazotide from planned research, animal studies, anecdotes, and marketing.
Read articleGLP-1 Drugs and Rare Optic-Nerve Risk: What the New NAION Studies Actually Show
Two large observational studies found a small association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and ischemic optic neuropathy, but the absolute event rate was very low and causation remains uncertain.
Read articleSetmelanotide and Hypothalamic Obesity: What the Phase 3 Trial Actually Shows
The phase 3 TRANSCEND trial found large BMI and hunger reductions with setmelanotide in acquired hypothalamic obesity, alongside a substantial adverse-event burden.
Read articleAfamelanotide and EPP: What Canada’s SCENESSE Approval Shows About Real Peptide Medicine
What afamelanotide SCENESSE does for adults with EPP, what the trials and labels show, and why regulated peptide medicine differs from tanning or research-peptide marketing.
Read articleCould Astronauts Make Peptide Medicines in Space? What the New Astropharmacy Study Actually Shows
A 2026 study ranked 26 peptide medicines for possible on-demand spaceflight production. Here is what the scoring shows—and what it does not prove.
Read articleAI Peptide Design: Why Binding Is Not the Same as Biological Effect
AI can predict that a peptide may bind a receptor, but binding alone does not reveal whether it activates, blocks, or meaningfully changes that receptor. TD3B shows why directionality matters—and why computational candidates still require laboratory and clinical validation.
Read articleWhy Peptide Manufacturing Quality Is Hard: The EMA Synthetic-Peptide Guideline, Translated
A plain-English guide to synthetic peptide manufacturing quality, based on the EMA guideline effective June 1, 2026.
Read articleGLP-1 Side Effects: What Trials, Labels, and Online Communities Can Each Tell Us
GLP-1 side-effect claims mean different things depending on whether they come from clinical trials, FDA labels, adverse-event databases, or online communities. This evidence-method guide explains how to read each source without turning anecdotes into proof or labels into panic.
Read articleResearch Use Only Peptides: What That Label Does and Does Not Mean
A cautious explainer on research use only peptides, what RUO labeling is meant to signal, and why it does not prove safety, legality, sterility, or suitability for human use.
Read articleIs Orforglipron a Peptide? The New Oral GLP-1 Pill Explained
Orforglipron is an oral, non-peptide small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist. This clarifier explains why people confuse it with peptide GLP-1 drugs and how FDA-approved Foundayo differs from research peptides.
Read articleCagriSema Explained: Semaglutide, Cagrilintide, and the Amylin + GLP-1 Strategy
A cautious, evidence-aware explainer on CagriSema, the investigational semaglutide plus cagrilintide combination, and why the amylin + GLP-1 strategy is not just stronger semaglutide.
Read articleWhat Is Tesamorelin? Visceral Fat Claims, Growth-Hormone Pathways, and Evidence
Evidence-aware explanation of tesamorelin, why it is searched around visceral fat and body composition, what the HIV-associated VAT evidence supports, how GH/IGF-1 pathway claims are often generalized, and where side-effect boundaries matter.
Read articleGLP-1 Peptides vs “Research Peptides”: What People Mean and Why It Matters
A clear, evidence-aware guide to why GLP-1 drugs are peptides, how semaglutide and tirzepatide differ from vague research-peptide marketing, and why regulatory status matters.
Read articlePeptide Therapy Explained: What Clinics Mean, What’s Evidence-Based, and What’s Marketing
A cautious, evidence-aware guide to what peptide therapy means in clinics and marketing, how approved medicines differ from research compounds, and what questions to ask before trusting a claim.
Read articlePeptide Side Effects: What's Known, What's Unknown, and What People Overstate
A cautious, evidence-aware guide to peptide side effects, long-term unknowns, online claims, and how to read safety discussions without mistaking anecdotes for proof.
Read articleBest Peptides for Recovery: Evidence-Aware Comparison
A cautious comparison of recovery-related peptides by evidence quality, uncertainty, and claim strength — not recommendations, protocols, or buying advice.
Read articleQuick Facts
- Origin
- Named endogenous peptide hormone referenced in PeptideBase coverage
- Category
- Metabolic & Endocrine